of gastro-intestinal (GI) disease. This work hopes to identify biomarkers that could offer swift, cost-effective early diagnostics and treatment.
Together with research partner Dr. Marcio Costa from the University of Montreal, the researchers will be looking for biomarkers that indicate changes in the inhabitants of the equine gut that take place during the early onset of illness.
“A biomarker is a biological molecule that you can find in different places,” explains Arroyo. “For example, you might find them in tissue, blood, urine, or different body fluids. They can signal normal or abnormal processes or could reveal a marker of a disease. For example, a biomarker can be used to see how well the body might respond to a treatment or to a disease condition.”
Before and during the onset of diseases, as well as after antibiotic treatment, changes in the intestinal microbiota, a process known as dysbiosis, become evident. In various species, bacterial biomarkers have been successfully employed to accurately predict intestinal dysbiosis. For example, Dr. Arroyo highlights the decreased presence of Lachnospiraceae as a common indicator of intestinal inflammation.
To identify potential markers of intestinal dysbiosis in horses, the researchers will study an extensive bio-bank of samples. They will analyse various factors such as the diversity and composition of the microbiota, as well as the presence of specific bacterial species or groups known to be associated with intestinal health. These biomarkers and indicators can help detect early signs of gastrointestinal issues, allowing for timely intervention and treatment.
The screening process will involve advanced techniques such as PCR testing, which provides a faster and more efficient means of identifying and analysing the equine microbiota compared to traditional methods like DNA sequencing. By establishing reliable screening protocols, the researchers aim to provide veterinarians with practical tools for assessing the intestinal health of horses, ultimately leading to improved management and care.
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